THE HTTPS://ABDHAMID.NET/ DIARIES

Abdul-Hamid II's reign as sultan was marked from the attempted promulgation of the constitution in 1876, his subsequent suppression from the Structure, and, in 1908, the Youthful Turk Revolution that compelled its reinstatement. Paradoxically, although in the early decades of his reign Abdul-Hamid II was criticized for his liberal principles and hi